This annotated bibliography is reformatted and customized by the Center for Positive Practices. Some of the authors featured on this page include Peter D. Roos, William Ross McEachern, Sandra J. Savignon, Robert St. Clair, Frederick Shaw, Compact, Michael Clyne, Education Journal of the Institute for the Development of Indian Law, Jacob Ornstein-Galicia, and Thomas S. Donahue.
(1976). Bilingual Education at Rock Point–Some Early Results, TESOL Quarterly. This article describes the English-Navajo bilingual education program at Rock Point, Arizona, and reports on the results of various reading achievement tests illustrating that learning to read in one's mother tongue will result in better reading skills, and will improve second language reading skills. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Cognitive Development, Elementary Education
(1979). Bilingualism and Bilingual Education: New Readings and Insights. The following articles on bilingualism and bilingual education are included: "The Lessons from Two Decades of Bilingual Theory and Practice of Bilingual Education" (Inclan); "Social and Psychological Aspects of Language Use by Bilingual Children" (Walcer and Rodriguez-Brown); "Psychological Aspects of Bilingualism and Biculturalism in Mexican American Children" (Lindenfeld and Carrasco-Schoch); "Ability and Performance Measures of Anglo and Mexican-American Students at a Southwestern University" (Brooks and Calkins); "A Hierarchical Approach to Measures of Language Proficiency" (Young); "The Acquisition of English by French-Canadian Students in Welland, Ontario" (Mougeon and others); "Semantic Compounding in the Speech of Mexican-American Bilinguals: A Re-examination of the Compound-Coordinate Distinction" (Jacobson); "Attitudes Toward Spanish: A Field Study" (Hannum); "Attitudes Toward Bilingual Education: Ethnicity vs. Class" (Hoffer); "Political Dynamics of Bilingualism and Biculturalism: Lessons from the Royal Commission Reports" (McRae); "Three Case Studies in Italian American Ethnicity and Language Use" (DiPietro); "Personal Reflections of Growing Up Bilingual" (Haugen); "New Research Goals: Needs in Paralanguage and Kinesics" (von Raffler-Engel); "Hold That Tiger! Urgent Needs in Bilingual Education" (Macaulay); "Interdisciplinary Linguistics and Bilingualism" (St. Clair); and "Correlating Socio-educational and Linguistic Variables among Chicano College Bilinguals" (Ornstein-Galicia and Goodman). [More] Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Educational Research, English (Second Language)
(1977). Language Teachers and Bilingual Education: Are We Helping or Hurting?. In this document a discussion of the relationship between foreign language education and bilingual education addresses four questions. In response to the first, "Has foreign language education been supportive of bilingual education?", the proposed answer is that it has not, despite attempts to link the two to justify the existence of foreign language programs. Nonetheless, it is proposed that the survival of both foreign language and bilingual education depends on the encouragement of diversity. The answer to the second question, "Do foreign language teachers consider that they are preparing bilinguals?", is that this is not usually the case because bilingualism is thought of as unattainable. It is suggested that bilingualism should be considered a process rather than a goal. The third question, "How many language teachers consider themselves to be bilingual or bicultural?", is seen as answerable only by individual teachers. Teachers are encouraged to examine how many occasions for interaction in the foreign language they teach they have found in recent years, or how native-speaking language teachers can maintain their differences from the dominant American culture. Finally, in answer to "Is bilingual education affecting foreign language education?", it is concluded that only time will tell how beneficial the relationship is. [More] Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Cultural Pluralism, Educational Objectives
(1978). Bilingual Education: The Hispanic Response to Unequal Educational Opportunity, Law and Contemporary Problems. Discusses the nature of the right to bilingual education, the nature of the program that must be provided, who is directly responsible for it, and the potential conflict between court-mandated desegregation and the support of bilingual programs. Available from Duke University Press, Box 6697 College Station, Durham, NC 27708. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Civil Rights, Court Litigation, Elementary Secondary Education
(1975). Why Some Kids Have a Right to Bilingual Education. Analyzes and discusses legal principles and court decisions bearing on the question of states' responsibilities in the area of bilingual education. Examines the constitutional provisions and legal standards that are used by the courts to judge the adequacy of various educational programs for non-English-speaking children. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Court Litigation, Elementary Secondary Education, Government Role
(1985). The Whys and Wherefores of Native American Bilingual Education, Urban Review. Native American bilingual education programs in reservation schools and in rural, off-reservation areas serving a dominate Indian population are possible and provide valuable services. In urban areas, problems like geographic spread of the Indian population and a plurality of cultural/linguistic groups may prevent successful implementation. Descriptors: American Indian Education, Bilingual Education, Educational Change, Educational Policy
(1997). Bilingual Education in South Africa: English and Afrikaans, Reading Improvement. Notes that until 1994, English and Afrikaans were the two official languages of South Africa, and educational policy promoted bilingualism in the country's schools. Examines the two languages historically and socially in order to make some comparisons with bilingual education in Canada. Makes reference to the future roles of the two languages in the quickly evolving country. Descriptors: Afrikaans, Bilingual Education, Comparative Analysis, Educational Policy
(1988). Transitional Bilingual Education and the Socialization of Immigrants, Harvard Educational Review. U.S. educational policies reflect an economic need to socialize immigrants and minority group members to fill undesirable, low-status jobs. Transitional bilingual education programs prevent immigrant children from attaining academic fluency in either their own language or English. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Economic Factors, Educational Policy, Immigrants
(1973). Bilingual Education: A Reality for Indian Community Action. The article briefly summarizes criteria established by law for those interested in the general procedure for instituting an American Indian bilingual education program. Title VII Elementary and Secondary Education Act projects serving American Indians and Alaskan Natives are also listed. [More] Descriptors: American Indian Languages, American Indians, Biculturalism, Bilingual Education
(1988). Bilingual Education–What Can We Learn from the Past?, Australian Journal of Education. A review of bilingual education's history in Australia indicates widespread support of bilingualism and bilingual instruction since the nineteenth century, but a decline and end to bilingual programs during the first half of this century. Different state attitudes toward multiculturalism appear to have affected this aspect of educational history. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Educational History, Educational Trends, Elementary Secondary Education
(1973). A Comprehensive Design for Bilingual Education, Second Edition. The main purpose of this publication is to describe the educational needs and goals expressed by various communities in Chicago for young people whose first language is not English, or who live in a community where a language other than English is spoken predominantly. The first of the five sections of this document is concerned generally with the non-English-speaking pupils in Chicago, the development of bilingual education in the United States, and the values of bilingual education. The second section reviews government-funded programs currently functioning in the Chicago public schools that are of particular benefit to non-English-speaking pupils. The third section details the city's bilingual education needs assessment and outlines the resultant comprehensive design, for which overall needs and goals were classified into five components: instruction, staff development, community involvement, curriculum, and management. This design does not offer developed proposals or models for specific programs. The fourth section consists of supplementary materials and statistics related to bilingual education, and the fifth section contains bibliographic references. [More] Descriptors: Administrator Guides, Bilingual Education, Bilingual Schools, Bilingual Students
(1975). Bilingual Education: An Idea Whose Time Has Come, New York Affairs. Bilingual education is not entirely a new idea. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was practiced in church schools, particularly in German and Spanish. Most communities, however, assumed a strongly assimilationist stance for their public schools, especially after World War I. In recent years, however, this attitude has been partly reversed under the impact of the concept of cultural pluralism and a growing ethnic awareness. The greatest impetus to bilingual education was given by the Bilingual Education Act of 1968. That law defined this area of teaching as the "use of two languages as mediums of instruction." Its design may be transitional, maintenance, restorationist, or culturally pluralistic. The last is exemplified by Miami's Coral Way School in which Spanish-speaking Cuban refugee children effectively learned English and their English-speaking peers learned Spanish. This school's success, the funding provided by the Bilingual Education Act mentioned above, and favorable court decisions help explain the movement's rapid progress in the recent past. Research on the subject has led to several definitive conclusions, but they are relatively few in number. The future of this area of education will be determined by its success in actual practice and in the ebb and flow of social and political influences. [More] Descriptors: Attitude Change, Biculturalism, Bilingual Education, Bilingualism
(1993). An Overview of European Models of Bilingual Education, Language, Culture and Curriculum. This article describes several language-related projects undertaken by the European Community to promote multilinguality and improved cross-national communication. It also describes four systems of bilingual education operating in individual Member States (Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Catalan and Basque regions of Spain). (Contains 15 references.) Descriptors: Basque, Bilingual Education, Comparative Analysis, Foreign Countries
(1982). Toward a Broadened Context for Modern Bilingual Education, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. A response to a critique of bilingual education by J. R. Edwards (1981) argues that our understanding of the nature of modern bilingualism must be broadened through a reading of the pertinent research in recent social science. This could lead to a grasping of the economic and social class dimensions of bilingualism in current urbanization and industrialization. Descriptors: Biculturalism, Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Educational Policy
(1980). Foreign Language Teaching and Bilingual Education: Research Implications, Foreign Language Annals. Reviews research on the language learner and immersion-type bilingual education programs. It is noted that formal foreign language teaching may be needed in these programs for primary school children. It is suggested that research is needed and that a combination of functional and formal approaches be used. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Error Patterns, Immersion Programs, Language Proficiency