This annotated bibliography is reformatted and customized by the Center for Positive Practices. Some of the authors featured on this page include Sally Begay, Tony Kneidek, Anne Marie Werner-Smith, Ibrahim Ahmed Bajunid, Lynne T. Diaz-Rico, Judith Green, Maybelle Little, Fredrick A. Schrank, Jerilynn Smith, and Mary G. Curtis.
(1996). The Functions of Spanish in the School Lives of Mexicano Bilingual Children, Bilingual Research Journal. A study of the language usage of five Mexican American fifth-grade bilingual students in an all-English classroom revealed the functions that Spanish continued to serve: providing information and assistance with school work, seeking explanations, providing self-talk, establishing and maintaining social relationships, and negotiating and maintaining participation in ongoing conversations. Contains 39 references. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language)
(1997). Teacher-Parent Cooperation: A Navajo Perspective, Journal of Navajo Education. Discusses Navajo acculturation and language loss. Argues that Navajo parents must understand the importance of their involvement in the bilingual classroom, the services and funding available to meet their children's needs, teacher skills necessary for effective bilingual classrooms, and what schools must do to optimize parental involvement in their children's education. Contains 19 references. Descriptors: Acculturation, American Indian Education, Bilingual Education, Cultural Maintenance
(1996). Using Two/Three Languages in Philippine Classrooms: Implications for Policies, Strategies, and Practices [and] A Response, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. Describes the multilingual situation underlying the educational scheme in the Philippines, a system inherent with problems arising from the unequal developmental status of Filipino and English and the subsequent failure to meet manpower and material needs. The article issues a call to use the synergy created by two languages. Bajunid's response focuses on the gap between language policy and reality.(26 references) Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Classroom Techniques, Code Switching (Language), English (Second Language)
(1997). The Education of Hispanics in Early Childhood: Of Roots and Wings, Young Children. Notes the challenges posed by cultural diversity in the United States. Presents a demographic assessment of factors relating to the schooling of culturally diverse populations, analysis of challenges associated with the growing number of language-minority students who are Hispanic, and conceptual and empirical perspectives precipitating a more informed approach to the education of Hispanics in early childhood. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Curriculum Development
(1994). Learners' Transfer of Writing Skills between Languages, TESL Canada Journal. Reports on a study of 126 secondary English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) students' transfer of essay organization skills between languages (Icelandic and English). Pre- and posttest proficiency scores were analyzed. It was concluded that students' success in transferring writing skills between languages is assisted by their grammatical proficiency in the target language. Contains 6 tables and 15 references. [More] Descriptors: Bilingual Education, English (Second Language), Essays, Grammatical Acceptability
(1997). Jointly Constructed Narratives in Classrooms: Co-Construction of Friendship and Community through Language, Teaching and Teacher Education. Examines joint construction of narratives in the classroom, presenting narratives from two ethnographic studies. The preschool narratives illustrate how peer culture, friendship patterns, and identity are socially constituted through discourse. Fifth grade narratives illustrate ways in which students view their bilingual class community as jointly constructed through everyday patterns of interaction and activity. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Classroom Environment, Constructivism (Learning), Discourse Analysis
(1995). An ESL/Bilingual/Bicultural Pre-collegiate Program for Southeast Asian Refugee High School Students, Bilingual Research Journal. Describes a precollegiate English-as-a-Second-Language summer program for Southeast Asian high school students, held at the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point. Discusses the use of cultural story telling to build a bridge between the self and the new academic setting, and the use of Southeast Asian college students as peer counselors providing bilingual support. Descriptors: Asian Americans, Biculturalism, Bilingual Education Programs, College Preparation
(1995). A Spanish Dual Literacy Program: Teaching to the Whole Student, Bilingual Research Journal. Liberty High School (New York City) enrolls newly arrived immigrant students with limited formal schooling. Its Spanish Dual Language Literacy Program focuses on teaching content areas in Spanish while developing literacy skills in both languages. Discusses provision of both academic and social support, experiential investigations of the city, after-school programs, teachers, student placement, and classroom strategies and activities. Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Bilingual Schools, Class Activities, Dominicans
(1996). The Family and Child Education Program at Canoncito, Journal of Navajo Education. The Family and Child Education (FACE) Program was instituted by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as an early intervention program to integrate Native American parents, families, and schools through family literacy, parent education, and culturally relevant early childhood education. Describes a FACE program at a Navajo community school, with examples from a home visit and preschool classroom. Descriptors: Adult Education, American Indian Education, Bilingual Education, Cultural Maintenance
(1996). Two Worlds in One Classroom, Northwest Education. Describes the successful bilingual program of the Ontario School District (Oregon). District strategies include visiting a model school in south Texas, encouraging parent participation, facilitating staff development and recruitment, acknowledging cultural awareness, using student-directed instruction and cooperative learning, maintaining students at grade level, and emphasizing literacy. Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Pluralism, Educational Change
(1995). The Semi, Self-Contained Classroom: An Island of Innovations, Bilingual Research Journal. In a financially pressed elementary school, 1 bilingual teacher meets the varying needs of over 60 children through collaboration with homeroom teachers and innovative delivery. Children with no English receive most instruction from the bilingual teacher in a "semi-self-contained classroom," while limited-English-proficient students receive adjusted amounts of time in a resource pull-out model. Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Delivery Systems, Educational Innovation, Elementary Education
(1996). Comparative Validity of Three English Oral Language Proficiency Tests, Bilingual Research Journal. Examines three English oral language proficiency tests in terms of whether the tests measure basic interpersonal communication skills or cognitive-academic language proficiency. Suggests that oral language proficiency tests should be academic in nature if their purpose is to determine whether language-minority students can meet the demands of monolingual instruction in English. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Concurrent Validity, Early Childhood Education, English (Second Language)
(1995). Change from the Inside Out: A Story of Transformation in a Navajo Community School, Bilingual Research Journal. Examines the perspectives of bilingual teachers, teacher assistants, school administrators, and an outside researcher on the 10-year development of a Navajo-English bilingual/bicultural program at Rough Rock Elementary School in Arizona. The transformation in curriculum and pedagogy, as well as the social and political processes by which institutional changes occurred are discussed. (16 references) Descriptors: Administrators, American Indian Education, American Indians, Bilingual Education Programs
(1995). Reflections on Teaching in Multicultural Settings, Social Studies. Discusses 15 years of experiences and lessons learned teaching in multicultural settings in the United States, Puerto Rico, and 2 foreign nations. Argues that schooling should be based on a diversity model of education. Asserts that it is difference that engages student minds. Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Cultural Interrelationships
(1994). Recruiting and Retaining Bilingual Teachers: A Cooperative School-Community-University Model, Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students. Overviews the problems California schools have recruiting bilingual teachers and presents a recruiting model originating in the San Bernardino County Fontana School District in cooperation with a major university. Components of the model include well-defined staffing policies, a career ladder for bilingual teacher aides and support for teacher credentialing. (23 references) Descriptors: Alternative Teacher Certification, Bilingual Education, Census Figures, Cooperation