This annotated bibliography is reformatted and customized by the Center for Positive Practices. Some of the authors featured on this page include Gerald G. Neufeld, Felix Mario Valbuena, Thomas Arkwright, Sacramento. Bilingual Education Office. California State Dept. of Education, Albany. Bureau of Bilingual Education. New York State Education Dept., Ed Sigliano, Andree Viau, Silver Spring National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education, and James Cummins.
(1973). The Bilingual's Lexical Store. Working Papers on Bilingualism, No. 1. Forty bilingual Ss were tested in four experiments to see if decoding of linguistically mixed texts with one-word substitutions in the other language would take more time than decoding of unilingual material. The overall aim was to further explore the nature of the language switch mechanism as it functions in input. In the first experiment, consisting of two unilingual and three bilingual sets of sentences, presented visually, Ss had to judge the trueness or falsehood of each statement. In the second study, Ss read unilingual and bilingual passages where reading times were compared. In the third experiment, patterned after Experiment I, Ss heard and judged the trueness or falsehood of forty sentences with randomly placed lexical substitutions. In the final study, the one-word substitutions, previously randomized, were placed at subject, then verb, phrase boundaries. Conclusions were that: (1) in input, switching occurs when more than one word is substituted, and this switching is primarily at the phonological and syntactic levels; (2) the switch mechanism operates mainly in output where mixing of both languages is deliberate; and (3) the bilingual possesses not two but one basic internal dictionary where words in both languages are pooled. Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language)
(1989). Refugee Immigrant Education Materials (RIEM) Catalog. A catalog containing materials relevant to the education of refugees, immigrants, and other limited-English-proficient (LEP) students is presented. Included are textbooks for teaching. English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL), general resettlement information; and materials for Vietnamese, Laotian, Cambodian, Chinese, and Spanish speakers, and other refugee groups are included. For each entry, the following information is provided: author, title, audience, number of pages, and cost. Included are curriculum guides, phrase books, and content-area teaching materials for science, math, health, social studies, and language arts. Descriptors: Cambodian, Curriculum Guides, Elementary Education, English (Second Language)
(1978). Multicultural Awareness for the Classroom: The Black Americans. This guide provides the teacher of multiethnic students with information and lesson plans for teaching about black Americans. The guide contains seven sections, the first of which outlines African history and the history of blacks in the United States, specifically Michigan. Section two examines the African oral tradition and discusses African grammar and black American pronunciation. Sections three through seven cover African and black American art, music, dance, religion, holidays, food, and games. A bibliography on Africa and black Americans concludes the guide. Descriptors: African Culture, African History, Black Culture, Black Dialects
(1978). Multicultural Awareness for the Classroom: The Chaldeans. This guide provides the teacher of multiethnic students with information and teaching resources on the Chaldeans. The guide provides background on the history and development of the Chaldean language, the history and geography of Chaldea (Iraq), and Chaldeans in the United States. Also covered are Chaldean social customs, religion, food, games and folk beliefs. Several lesson plans and classroom activities focusing on Chaldean legends, history, and language are presented. A bibliography of materials on Iraq concludes the guide. Descriptors: Arabs, Curriculum Guides, Elementary Secondary Education, Islamic Culture
(1974). Les Processus d'Association chez les Bilingues (Association Processes in Bilinguals). Working Papers on Bilingualism, No. 2. Compound and coordinate bilinguals equally competent in French and English were compared to determine their ability to uncover key concepts, i.e., music, when such words as song, piano, sound, instrument or musician were introduced in both languages. Recent research tends to support the theoretical contrast established between compound and coordinate bilingualism. The results of the present study, however, do not uphold this contrast as far as word association tasks are concerned. Descriptors: Association Measures, Associative Learning, Bilingualism, Cognitive Processes
(1980). Renforcement Des Aptitudes Mathematiques. Ideas for Strengthening Mathematics Skills. French Edition. Presented is an overview of some specific schemes that have been used successfully by teachers throughout New York State to strengthen basic mathematics skills. Components offer ideas that have been successful with primary, intermediate and secondary students. The contents of this French language edition are identical to the English language and other foreign language editions. In addition to the Foreword, there are sections on: (1) Some Brief Observations About Strengthening Mathematics Skills; (2) The Balanced Mathematics Program; (3) "Par"–Puzzles+Arithmetic=Remediation; (4) Regrouping in Subtraction; (5) Money Games; (6) A Visual Sequence for Teaching Fractions; (7) A Space to Carry in Simple Addition and Multiplication Examples; (8) Grid Paper Computation; (9) The Need for Math Reading Skills; (10) A Structural Approach to Multiplication; (11) The Electronic Calculator in Remedial Mathematics; (12) Nature's Mathematics; and (13) Additional Teacher Designed Ideas. [More] Descriptors: Algorithms, Basic Skills, Calculators, Computation
(1980). Ideas Para Fortalecer Las Destrezas en Matematicas. Ideas for Strengthening Mathematics Skills. Spanish Edition. Presented is an overview of some specific schemes that have been used successfully by teachers throughout New York State to strengthen basic mathematics skills. Components offer ideas that have been successful with primary, intermediate, and secondary students. The contents of this Spanish language edition are identical to the English language and other foreign language editions. In addition to the Foreword, there are sections on: (1) Some Brief Observations About Strengthening Mathematics Skills; (2) The Balanced Mathematics Program; (3) "Par"–Puzzles+Arithmetic=Remediation; (4) Regrouping in Subtraction; (5) Money Games; (6) A Visual Sequence for Teaching Fractions; (7) A Space to Carry in Simple Addition and Multiplication Examples; (8) Grid Paper Computation; (9) The Need for Math Reading Skills; (10) A Structural Approach to Multiplication; (11) The Electronic Calculator in Remedial Mathematics; (12) Nature's Mathematics; and (13) Additional Teacher Designed Ideas. [More] Descriptors: Algorithms, Basic Skills, Calculators, Computation
(1989). Local Designation of Qualified Teachers, LEP Staffing Option 3: Criteria and Procedures for Designating Primary Language and/or English Language Development Teachers. Technical Assistance Manual. California school districts are authorized to designate qualified teachers–who do not hold special Commission on Teacher Credentialing-issued documents authorizing bilingual or English language development instruction–to provide English language development and/or academic instruction via the primary language to limited-English-proficient (LEP) students. This technical assistance manual is designed to assist California school districts in the development of special assessments and the preparation of applications for approval of criteria and procedures to be used in local designation of teachers. The manual is to be used in conjunction with related California Department of Education (CDE) publications, particularly, the "Guidelines for Proficiency Tests." The manual includes an outline of the necessities involved in determining the feasibility of initiating and implementing a program and a workplan. The workplan covers determination of areas of designation, construction or selection of evaluation instruments, validation of instruments, documentation of assessments, establishment of a notification procedure, establishment of a follow-up evaluation procedure, establishment of record-keeping procedures, and preparation and submission of an program application to the CDE. Appendices include a sample format for application to the CDE for approval of local designation criteria and procedures; staffing options for services to LEP students; and lists of criteria for local designation, approved assessment agencies, and suggested competencies for teachers. [More] Descriptors: Administrator Guides, Bilingual Teachers, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)
(1980). Idee Per Consolidare Le Abilita In Matematica. Ideas for Strengthening Mathematics Skills. Italian Edition. Presented is an overview of some specific schemes that have been used successfully by teachers throughout New York State to strengthen basic mathematics skills. Components offer ideas that have been successful with primary, intermediate, and secondary students. The contents of this Italian language edition are identical to the English language and other foreign language editions. In addition to the Foreword, there are sections on: (1) Some Brief Observations About Strengthening Mathematics Skills; (2) The Balanced Mathematics Program; (3) "Par"–Puzzles+Arithmetic=Remediation; (4) Regrouping in Subtraction; (5) Money Games; (6) A Visual Sequence for Teaching Fractions; (7) A Space to Carry in Simple Addition and Multiplication Examples; (8) Grid Paper Computation; (9) The Need for Math Reading Skills; (10) A Structural Approach to Multiplication; (11) The Electronic Calculator in Remedial Mathematics; (12) Nature's Mathematics; and (13) Additional Teacher Designed Ideas. [More] Descriptors: Algorithms, Basic Skills, Calculators, Computation
(1976). The Influence of Bilingualism on Cognitive Growth: A Synthesis of Research Findings and Explanatory Hypotheses. Working Papers on Bilingualism, No. 9. An attempt is made in the present paper to resolve inconsistencies between the results of recent studies which have reported that bilingualism is associated with positive cognitive consequences and earlier studies which suggested that bilingualism might adversely affect cognitive and scholastic progress. Because recent studies involved balanced bilinguals and were carried out in "additive" bilingual settings, the bilingual subjects in these studies are likely to have attained a high level of competence in the second language (L2) at no cost to their level of competence in the first language (L1). However, earlier studies tended to involve bilingual subjects from language minority groups whose L1 was gradually being replaced by their L2. Thus, it is not surprising that many of these earlier studies produced evidence of a "balance effect," i.e., that a bilingual paid for his L2 competence by a lowering of his L1 competence. On the basis of the differences in linguistic competence attained by the bilingual subjects in earlier and more recent studies it is hypothesized that the level of linguistic competence attained by a bilingual child may mediate the effects of his bilingual learning experiences on cognitive growth. Specifically, there may be a threshold level of linguistic competence which a bilingual child must attain both in order to avoid cognitive deficits and allow the potentially beneficial aspects of becoming bilingual to influence his cognitive functioning. [More] Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, Cognitive Development
(1973). Learning Achievement Packages in Social Studies – History: America a Unique Country; The Constitution; Westward Expansion of the United States; The American Indian. Calexico Intercultural Design. In this publication are 4 social studies curriculum units aimed towards meeting the learning problems of students with special language handicaps in grades 7 through 11. Topics are: (1) America–A Unique Country; (2) The Constitution; (3) Westward Expansion of the United States; and (4) The American Indian. The Constitution and American Indian units are given in both English and Spanish. Each unit includes an introduction, teacher information, student activities, exercises, worksheets, and tests. The concepts and materials can be adapted innovatively to meet the particular needs of many communities and regions. The Calexico Intercultural Design developed these units, which were classroom tested during 1970-72 in the Calexico Unified School District. Numerous educators and their assistants, special consultants, and administrators contributed to their development. A short list of supplementary materials is also given. Descriptors: American Indians, Constitutional History, Curriculum Guides, Language Handicaps
(1986). Seneca Storybook=Onodowa'ga' Gaga: Sho'o'h. Featuring supernatural events and relationship between man and nature, this collection of 15 Seneca stories is presented in English and Seneca versions with 12 full-page illustrations. The stories are adaptations from "Seneca Fiction, Legends and Myths" originally compiled by Jeremiah Curtain and J. N. B. Hewitt following field research in 1910-1911 on the Cattaraugus Reservation of the Seneca Nation of Indians in southwestern New York State. "A Great Snake Battle" tells how long ago the snakes got together and made the Indians promise not to abuse them. "The Porcupine's Grandson and the Bear" tells of a boy who is rescued and cared for by animals of the forest. "The Crawfish and the Raccoon" tells how the raccoon tricks the crawfish by pretending to be dead. Other titles in this collection are "The Story of the Owl People,""The Winter God,""The Race between the Turtle and the Bear,""The Owl and the Two Sisters,""The Forsaken Infant and the Wind,""The Great Bear,""The Turtle and His Forces on the Warpath,""Bald Eagle Sends Mud Turtle around the World,""Thunder and the Seneca Warriors,""The Great Worm and Thunder," and "The Fox and the Rabbit." [More] Descriptors: American Indian Culture, American Indian Education, American Indian Languages, American Indian Literature
(1980). Konsey Pou Kore Konesans Matematik. Ideas for Strengthening Mathematics Skills. Creole Edition. Presented is an overview of some specific schemes that have been used successfully by teachers throughout New York State to strengthen basic mathematics skills. Components offer ideas that have been successful with primary, intermediate, and secondary students. The contents of this Creole language edition are identical to the English language and other foreign language editions. In addition to the Foreword, there are sections on: (1) Some Brief Observations About Strengthening Mathematics Skills; (2) The Balanced Mathematics Program; (3) "Par"–Puzzles+Arithmetic=Remediation; (4) Regrouping in Subtraction; (5) Money Games; (6) A Visual Sequence for Teaching Fractions; (7) A Space to Carry in Simple Addition and Multiplication Examples; (8) Grid Paper Computation; (9) The Need for Math Reading Skills; (10) A Structural Approach to Multiplication; (11) The Electronic Calculator in Remedial Mathematics; (12) Nature's Mathematics; and (13) Additional Teacher Designed Ideas. [More] Descriptors: Algorithms, Basic Skills, Calculators, Computation
(1985). Learning about Haitians in New York State. New York State has the largest Haitian population in the U.S. This resource guide presents background information on Haitian society, language, and culture; a list of places of interest and sources of information on Haitians in New York; and a summary of some of the achievements of Haitians. It also outlines suggested resources for teachers and others interested in serving the needs of Haitian students. The goals of the guide are to provide sources helpful in planning classroom activities in particular, and to promote cultural understanding in general. The following areas are discussed: (1) the history of Haitian immigrants in the United States, including social/economic life, social adjustment, cultural characteristics and behavior, and values, attitudes and beliefs; (2) language characteristics, focusing on linguistic development and syntactic features; (3) artistic values and achievements; (4) folk philosophy and folktales; (5) Haitian literature, including an outline of prominent writers from 1804; (6) contributions of Haitians to the Americas; (7) places of interest and resources; and (8) additional references. [More] Descriptors: Artists, Authors, Cultural Background, Educational Resources
(1980). Ideas for Strengthening Mathematics Skills. Greek Edition. Presented is an overview of some specific schemes that have been used successfully by teachers throughout New York State to strengthen basic mathematics skills. Components offer ideas that have been successful with primary, intermediate and secondary students. The contents of this Greek language edition are identical to the English language and other foreign language editions. In addition to the Foreword, there are sections on: (1) Some Brief Observations About Strengthening Mathematics Skills; (2) The Balanced Mathematics Program; (3) "Par"–Puzzles+Arithmetic=Remediation; (4) Regrouping in Subtraction; (5) Money Games; (6) A Visual Sequence for Teaching Fractions; (7) A Space to Carry in Simple Addition and Multiplication Examples; (8) Grid Paper Computation; (9) The Need for Math Reading Skills; (10) A Structural Approach to Multiplication; (11) The Electronic Calculator in Remedial Mathematics; (12) Nature's Mathematics; and (13) Additional Teacher Designed Ideas. [More] Descriptors: Algorithms, Basic Skills, Calculators, Computation